Convert POST request into AJAX, Javascript - Laravel

Suppose you have a form in your Laravel project that when submit sends the data to the server for processing. But when the form is submitted, your browser has to refresh the whole page which means that it needs to load all the CSS, JS, and image files again and also render all the HTML in the browser again. So you need to convert this POST request into an AJAX request to prevent the page from reloading.

I am using a form with a text field and an input type file so you can know how to send an image in an AJAX request.

<form method="POST" action="{{ url('/form-submit') }}" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return onsubmitForm(this);">
    {{ csrf_field() }}

    <input type="text" name="name">
    <input type="file" name="file" accept="image/*">

    <input type="submit">
</form>

CSRF field is required in Laravel for POST requests. onsubmit event is attached to the form and it will call a Javascript function to send an AJAX request. Now we need to create that function in Javascript that will send an AJAX request to the server along with all the data in the form:

<script>
    // create function in Javascript
    function onsubmitForm(form) {

        // create AJAX instance
        var ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();

        // open the request
        ajax.open("POST", form.getAttribute("action"), true);

        // listen for response from server
        ajax.onreadystatechange = function () {
            // when the request is successfull
            if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
                // convert the JSON response into Javascript object
                var data = JSON.parse(this.responseText);

                // show the response
                alert(data.status + " - " + data.message);
            }

            // if the request fails
            if (this.status == 500) {
                alert(this.responseText);
            }
        };

        // create form data object
        var formData = new FormData(form);

        // send the request
        ajax.send(formData);

        // prevent the form from submitting
        return false;
    }
</script>

Comments have been added with each line for an explanation. Now we need to create a route in our web.php file inside the routes folder in Laravel 9.

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

// this is the route I will make it to return JSON data
Route::post("/form-submit", function (Request $request) {

    $request->validate([
        "name" => "required",
        "file" => "required|image"
    ]);

    DB::table("users")->insert([
        "name" => $request->name
    ]);

    $request->file("file")->storeAs("/public", $request->file("file")->getClientOriginalName());

    // return redirect()->back();

    // return the response in JSON
    return response()->json([
        "status" => "success",
        "message" => "Task has been done"
    ]);
});

First, we are validating that the request must have name and file fields and the file must be an image. Then we are inserting the data from the text field in the users table. You can find the sample database in the attachments below.

Then we are storing the image in a public/storage folder. You need to run the following command in order to make this work:

php artisan storage:link

Lastly, we are sending the response back in JSON format. That’s how you can convert a POST request into an AJAX request in Laravel.

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Convert POST request into AJAX, Javascript – Laravel

Published by adnanafzal565